Materials Science

Putter Materials Science

Kevin Burns manufacturing facility

Putters are forged, cast, milled or otherwise crafted of many materials -- aluminum, brass, copper, titanium, nickel, beryllium, platinum, alloys, wood, ceramics, glass, plastic, marble, and others. And of course "insert" and face technology and weighting schemes have a large role these days in putter design and manufacturing. Here is a little science about the materials and processing of materials for various putter performance characteristics. (This section is being developed.)

 

General Materials Science

• Serdar Elgun's MET205 - Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• CHEMTUTOR PERIODIC CHART
• CHEMTUTOR PERIODIC CHART - Metals
• CHEMTUTOR PERIODIC CHART - Groups (see Transition Metals)
  
• MatWeb - The Online Materials Information Resources
• The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
• ENGnetBASE: Engineering Handbooks Online
• Encyclopedia of Materials, Parts, and Finishes, Second Edition Mel Schwartz

Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights

• Golf IP - Patents
• Patent databases
• Trademark databases
• Copyright - Library of Congress Information System

Engineering and Manufacturing Processes

• PING Factory Tour
• PING Putter Fitting
• PGS Sports (China) production processes
• PGS Sports (China) R&D Tooling
• Dale Engineering Super-V Putter
• Manufacturing Eng. Gallery 2001 - Ping concept putter
• 2002 PGA Show Guide: Ray Cook Golf Co.
• WESTEC student manufacturing challenge
• Osborne's Golf Inc. Precision Fitted Putters
• Superior Metal Products - Dogleg Right, Pixl, Prairie Putters - Omaha NE
• Lincoln Plating - Electroplating, Anodizing, Metal Finishing - Lincoln NE
• KB Golf - Kevin Burns manufacturing processes
• Laser Putter by Max Fiscus - U Ky Center for Robotics & Manufacturing Systems
• Golf Tips Magazine - GT 2000 Buyer's Guide
• Golf Putter Manufacturing Project
• Bettinardi Golf - Precise and Accurate Putter...
• CypressGolf - Review - The Bettinardi Milled Putter by J. Bettinardi

Manufacturing Trade Associations

• ASM International - society for materials engineers and scientists
• Forging Industry Association
• International Titanium Association
• Materials Research Society
• Metal Treating Institute
• Metal Powder Industry Federation

Misc. Metallurgical Manufacturing Standards

• NSSN: A Global Resource for Standards
• ASTM B899-01e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys
• ISO/DIS 1463 - Metallic and oxide coatings -- Measurement of coating thickness -- Microscopical method
• ISO/NP 2177 - Metallic coatings -- Measurement of coating thickness -- Coulometric method by anodic dissolution
• MIL-HDBK-205A - PHOSPHATIZING AND BLACK OXIDE COATING OF FERROUS METALS
• ASTM A732/A732M-98e1 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
• ASTM B840-99 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings for Zinc Cobalt Alloy Deposits
• ASTM B880-98 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys, and Cobalt Alloys
• ASTM E1473-94a(1998) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
• ASTM F15-98 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy
• ASTM G61-86(1998) - Standard Test Method for Conducting Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements for Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Iron-, Nickel-, or Cobalt-Based Alloys
• ISO/CD 15726 - Electrodeposited coatings and related finishes -- Electroplated zinc alloys with nickel, cobalt or iron

Manufacturer's Guidelines for Care

Scotty Cameron

• Scotty Cameron Services: Putter Care (milled carbon steel heads)
• CNNSI.com - Golf Plus - Gary Van Sickle
• "SUEDE" BLADE Putter Covers
• Google Search: oxidation putter

Redox Corrosion and Pitting of Metals

• Nobel Chemistry - Oxidation of Metals
• Internet Chemistry - Oxidation / Reduction
• Foundations of Electronics - Oxidation and Reduction
• Mark Rosen's Oxidation Reduction Links
• R. Nave's Oxidation and Reduction
• R. Nave's Redox Reactions
• Sheffield ChemPuter Metal oxidation Calculator
• Topscience (#11) Oxidation
• Sheffield Chemdex - Home
• Writing ionic equations for redox reactions
• Redox menu
• nonferrousalloys
• Oxidation Numbers
• Oxidation-Reduction
• Oxidation Number Assignments
• Redox Reactions and Equations
• Oxidation/Reduction Chemistry
• EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Chemistry Dictionary
• The Chemistry of Fire and Other Oxidation Reactions
• Elements by oxidation number:
• Oxidation Thickness Calculator
• Semiconductor Tour: Oxidation
• CheMentor - Oxidation Number
• Oxidation State of Surface Material
• The Hendrix Group - Corrosion of Copper and Copper Alloys
• Corrosion and Protection Centre UMIST
• The Hendrix Group - Corrosion of Aluminum Bronze
• The Hendrix Group - stainless steel compositions
• The Hendrix Group - stainless steels in atmospheric corrosion
• The Hendrix Group - cleaning stainless steels
• A description of what Bronze is
• Caring for Bronze
• Steel corrosion
• Protective Paints, Coatings, Linings & Corros...
• Magnesium Coating Corporation
• Magnesium Coating Corporation - Keronite 3000M
• Magnesium Coating - Keronite Technical Paper
• Bodycote.com
• Advanced Surface Engineering

Cobalt as Corrosion Resistant

Cobalt molecule

• Spectrum Chemical Fact Sheet - cobalt
• MIT Chemicool - Cobalt
• Periodic Table : Scholar edition: cobalt
• Periodic Table : Scholar edition: cobalt : Compounds
• Chemistry : Periodic Table : cobalt
• Chemistry : Periodic Table : cobalt : standard reduction potentials
• Chemistry : Periodic Table : cobalt : crystal structure
• Materials Research Institute
• HAYNES Int'l - Heat-Resistant Alloys
• Bukang Special Industries (Korea) - cobalt alloys
• Alnico Magnets
• Samarium Cobalt
• Delvest - Cobalt Base Alloys
• Investment Cast Cobalt Alloys
• AMPTIAC Products And Services: Product C
• Canadian Cobalt Producers
• Electroformed Nickel, Inc.
• Powder Alloy Corporation - Cobalt coatings
• Erts, et al., Studies of the initial oxidation of cobalt in alkaline solutions using scanning electrochemical microscope, Appl. Phys. A 66, S477-S480 (1998)
• OXIDATION AND ANNEALING EFFECT ON COBALT FILM...
• 1998 DFRL Annual Report to the Director. ACCURATE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF K5[CoW12O40].20H2O Gavin Muncaster
• atalog
• AMPTIAC - AMP206 - Oxidation of Iron-, Nickel-, and Cobalt-Base Alloys

Metal Protective Oil Lubricants

Hoppe's Bench Rest Gun Cleaning Cloths

• Break-Free
• Break-Free CLP
• Artic Kote Gun Finish Protection, rust proofing gun barrels
• Hoppe's 9 Solvent's and Lubricating Products
• Hoppes Solvents and Lubricating Oils
• OUTERS Guncare Lubricants

Exotics

• Girvan Institute -- Aerospace materials for putters